The Turkmen State Publishing Service, on the recommendation of the Ministry of Education of Turkmenistan, has released new textbooks for 12th grade students with Russian as the language of instruction in secondary schools in the country.

The new textbook "World History" has been prepared by the authors J. Khatamov and J. Gurbangeldiyev. The textbook materials cover the events of modern world history, namely the period from 2000 to the middle of 2025. To maintain consistency in the presentation of historical the events of the second half of the 20th century are also reflected in the context of individual topics.

With the help of this textbook, world history lessons will examine and analyze the changes that have occurred on the political map of the world by the end of the first quarter of the 21st century. In particular, students will study the peculiarities of the development of a number of states, the political, economic and cultural development of individual countries, the history of international relations and other topics.

When describing the topic of foreign policy of the world's states, the textbook pays special attention to the relations of foreign countries with independent neutral Turkmenistan. In this context, the significant contribution of the Chairman of the Halk Maslahaty of Turkmenistan, the National Leader of the Turkmen people Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov and the President of Turkmenistan is emphasized.

Serdar Berdimuhamedov's contribution to building and developing relations with the countries of the world based on friendship, peace and trust.

The textbook provides additional historical information that most broadly covers the topics and will allow students to better assimilate the material studied. To form and expand students' understanding of

The new edition contains relevant maps of the geopolitical picture of the world. The book contains statistical data, tasks for compiling and filling out tables. In addition, the textbook provides biographical information about statesmen and politicians from around the world who had a significant impact on the course of socio-political processes of their time.

When compiling the textbook, the authors sought to collect, systematize and present information in such a way that students could independently reflect and be able to analyze the studied material, draw conclusions about historical events, trends in socio-political transformations, and patterns of global economic development.

Recently, a new textbook "Chemistry", prepared by the authors M.Amangulyev, M.Nurgeldiyev and A.Shemekov, was also published for 12th grade students with Russian as the language of instruction in secondary schools of the country.

According to the curriculum, the textbook provides general information about chemical reactions, their classification, mechanisms and flow paths, metals and non-metals with characteristics and position in the periodic table, and methods of their preparation., a subgroup of metals, organic and mineral fertilizers.

The educational materials of the new edition are also devoted to the basics of chemical analysis, classification of cations and anions, high-molecular compounds, synthetic rubbers and fibers. In addition, the textbook provides detailed information on environmental pollution, describes measures to prevent and combat it.

The textbook has been developed and prepared taking into account the school curriculum in chemistry, as well as priorities in the state for environmental protection and the rational use of natural resources, expansion of waste-free production, production of competitive products, as well as providing high-quality education and training for erudite, comprehensively developed youth.